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​Now that Labour Day is over, I am looking ahead to Thanksgiving.

​As 2020 has been such a difficult year for so many people, we all have to scramble to think of things we can really be thankful for. But I still believe there are many.

But first a little Thanksgiving history because, as you fellow blog followers know, history is my "thing."

The story of the American Thanksgiving dates back to the 1620s following the arrival of the Mayflower at Plymouth Rock and is now celebrated in November every year.
 
But, in Canada the first recorded Thanksgiving Day did not occur until 1710 at Port Royal, Nova Scotia, and today is celebrated annually in October. This year it happens this coming weekend.
 
In 1760, Halifax ordered a day of thanksgiving to mark the victory of General Jeffery Amherst’s troops at Montreal. After that, Thanksgiving Days were usually held at different times on different days, and often simply marked a military victory or the birth of a royal child. Nova Scotia’s Scottish settlers particularly liked the religious aspect of Thanksgiving. But it was in Halifax in 1762 that the first Thanksgiving actually gave thanks for a bountiful harvest.
 
Thanksgiving Day did not become a national event until much later—in 1879.  And after the First World War, Thanksgiving was merged with Armistice Day for a while.  In 1931, they were made into two separate holidays again, and the second Monday of October was officially proclaimed Thanksgiving Day.  Today, most of us automatically connect a bountiful harvest with our Thanksgiving celebrations, Canada’s being a little earlier (in October) than America’s (in November.)
 
We also think of Thanksgiving as a time to pause and count our blessings. A few years ago, I wrote an article about Thanksgiving listing the many things about which I personally was very thankful.  Seemingly trivial things at the time such as having a warm house with a roof that didn’t leak; being healthy and not living in a Third World country where my family might slowly be starving to death.  I was also thankful to be living in a free country where I can vote, and especially in British Columbia where the climate is mild and manageable and the scenery is beautiful.  I was even thankful that I wasn’t a turkey!
 
But 2020 has changed us all. COVID-19 has made us look at the world very differently, and my list of things about which to be thankful has grown considerably because I've had to dig deeper into my well of blessings. 

Right now I am very thankful to be healthy and COVID-free and all my family members are safe. For so many others around the world it is a very different scenario. Although I miss seeing family members and friends, I am thankful for face time, emails and telephone calls. I am thankful that I don't have a loved one in a senior's home where I cannot visit them especially if they are dying. I am especially thankful I live north of the North American border right now. I am thankful that I don't NEED to travel anywhere at the moment. I'm thankful for my sundeck, a comfortable chair, a little comfort food to enjoy and a safe place to walk. I'm even thankful for masks. And I'm thankful for the fact that I can look forward to hugging everyone again one day.

So perhaps it is a good time to pause and look back over history. Older readers will always remember exactly where they were or what they were doing when war was declared in 1939, or when the events of Pearl Harbour took place in 1941. 

My generation has those same vivid memories concerning the assassinations of President Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and Robert Kennedy, and the tragic and shocking deaths of Princess Diana and John Lennon.  We wondered then if the world would ever again be normal or safe. More recently there was that infamous day on September 11th, 2001, when for a few hours the world went mad and we were all shaken to the core out of complacency into horror and fear. The freedom and safety our ancestors had fought for in past wars was temporarily taken from us in the cruelest of ways.

And today we face forest fires, floods, tornadoes, hurricanes and now a world pandemic second to none. But, we are much more aware of the effects of global warming than we once were. We realize through education and listening to the scientists that we must all stand up and do something before our beautiful world is totally destroyed. 
 
So perhaps this Thanksgiving both in Canada and America it is a time to remember all that is good in the world. History tell us that we have faced these horrible challenges before and overcome them. The evil that was Hitler was finally obliterated in the 1940s.  We rallied again after those assassinations in the 1960s, and life continued.  Perhaps life was never quite the same and we inevitably paid the ultimate price, but we came through and hopefully learned something. Perhaps we can once more. 

As Thanksgiving draws near, we should remember the many blessings we still have and try to think positively about the future we want to create, because for every cloud there is always a silver lining. 

​A Happy and Safe Thanksgiving to you all as we celebrate sensibly with our loved ones!

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If, like me,  you're feeling a wee bit “witchy” during these COVID-19 days, here’s a piece of witchcraft history to ponder on.
 
For instance, did you know that it was on September 22nd in 1692, 328 years ago, that the last eight witches in Salem were hung for their so-called crimes?
 
The history of witchcraft began back in 1692 in Salem Village, a puritan settlement in Massachusetts. Those last eight witches who were hung were Mary Easty, Martha Corey, Ann Pudeator, Alice Parker, Mary Parker, Wilmott Redd, Margaret Scott and Samuel Wardwell. The men among the accused were more commonly referred to as Wizards. John Proctor was the first male to be named a ‘wizard’ or witch, and Bridget Bishop was the first witch to be hanged in Salem on June 10 that year.
 
In fact, between June 10 and September 22 of that memorable summer of 1692, nineteen men and women were convicted of witchcraft and taken to Gallows Hill near Salem Village to be hung. Over 150 others remained in jail until the following summer.
 
So what were their crimes?  Most had in some way disregarded the very puritanical existence upon which their society was based. The women might, for instance, have worn unsuitable clothing such as a black cap and a red paragon bodice, intertwined with other vibrant colors. They might have played the game of shovel board in a tavern or been accused of casting spells on young girls by practicing their craft. These so-called “afflicted girls” would act strangely as though having fits with distortion of their bodies. They were probably suffering from epilepsy, but the Puritans believed otherwise. Their behavior, they declared, was obviously as a result of a spell cast upon them by a witch.
 
You would also be accused of being a witch if you happened to be reclusive or you talked to yourself. In fact any eccentric behavior would have labelled you as being not part of the norm – and therefore obviously a witch. Those accused also often did not go to church, or went to some other church other than the accepted puritanical Salem Village Church.  If you were able to speak French or had aided in any of the recent native wars, you would also be accused of practicing witchcraft. And the worst possible thing you could do would be to support a witch who had already been accused, even if he or she happened to be your own spouse.
 
Following the last hangings on September 22 things finally began to settle down in Salem, and by 1711 some of the families of those accused were even compensated for the wrongful deaths of their family members.  By 1752, Salem Village had been renamed Danvers, and in 1957 the State of Massachusetts officially apologized for the wrongdoings in the year 1692.
 
In 1992, on the 300th Anniversary of those trials and subsequent hangings, a witchcraft memorial was designed by James Cutler and dedicated in Salem, an indication of how education had finally obliterated the fear of the unknown and of those who did not fit into an acceptable pattern of life.
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The so-called Witches in Salem in the 1690s, who were persecuted for trivial things which were simply not fully understood by the masses, have little or no similarities to those who practice Wicca today. The date, September 22nd 1692, however, will certainly be remembered as being the one when the witch-hunt in Salem finally ended.
 
There has been an increased interest in magic and the practice of witchcraft in recent years due in part to the phenomenal success of J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter books. Children, it seems, are fascinated by the world Rowling created and enjoy being transported to a place of make believe. 

What a difference 328 years makes!

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Anton Chekov had it right—especially for writers like me.

As an established non-fiction writer in British Columbia, Canada, I am now branching out into fiction and the issue of "telling" versus "showing" is paramount.

The biggest problem for writers going from writing non-fiction to writing fiction is being able to switch from telling the story to showing a picture, thereby capturing the readers' attention in the process.

I have written since I was a child in England. I always loved making up stories and using my imagination. When we lived on a small farm for a few years, I would take off on my own wandering the fields while imagining in my head all manner of things. One day I was a princess locked away in a castle waiting for a prince to come and rescue me and flee away on his horse.  Another day I would sit under the large willow tree with its branches weeping to the ground and pretend I was anything from a famous actress to a writer of best-selling novels.

But when I left school I studied journalism in London so I soon learnt how to "tell" a good story. This eventually led me to becoming a newspaper columnist and then writing non-fiction and true crime books. I particularly enjoyed all the research involved. Back in England I had  also written a few short stories and been published in a number of magazines but once I moved to Canada, I completely turned from fiction and began writing historical non-fiction which soon became my genre of choice and I was good at it.

After successfully publishing over twenty books, the little voice inside my head kept telling me I should try something new—perhaps return to fiction. I had always longed to create a family saga through many generations and because by then I had grown to love the history of my adopted city—Victoria—what better place to set my story than in the city I knew most about? With all the ingredients necessary for a five-generational family saga, I began to create a mammoth tale set on the new frontier with a mighty theme. But soon my one very long manuscript turned into two books, then three, and then four. A series had been born.

I have often wondered over the past four years if I aimed too high for my debut into fiction. My "mighty book" with a "mighty theme" began to prove more and more difficult to create. But, being a strong believer in following your dream and never giving up, I have continued. The first book (Providence) in The McBride Chronicles will be released in the near future - COVID permitting. 

Providence's journey has been a bumpy one. During its creation, I have experienced immeasurable family loss and many other upsets long the way. The latest of course is the pandemic. I also believe that life can teach you a lot. In my case, I hope what has happened over the past four years has made me a better writer.

Meanwhile, in order to make Book One the best it can be, I have had to overcome the problem of showing rather than telling as I transcended into the world of fiction. I want readers to experience all the emotions felt by my two main characters, Jane and Gideon, and come to love them as much as I do.  Their lives have consumed me for so long and I can't wait for them to be also enjoyed by readers everywhere. And I promise more family dynamics and excitement in future books in the McBride Chronicles.

But first, Providence is  most definitely calling!  Those of us who leave our comfort zone and venture into the unknown to follow our dream, are the ones who win in the end. Do you agree?

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Are you passionate about saving our heritage? If so, read on . . . . 

​Many historic sites around the world that rely on visiting tourists for income, are suffering badly this year because of COVID 19. Many will not survive without more financial support—either from government, private donations or tourism.

In British Columbia’s capital city, Victoria, in Canada, there are many such heritage sites. One is Point Ellice House pictured above. It overlooks the scenic Selkirk/Gorge Waterway and today is situated in an industrial area in the city. The house and its surrounding landscaped gardens offer a serenely beautiful oasis of peace and tranquility. The house was built between 1861 and 1862 for Catherine and Charles Wallace and was designed in an Italianate Villa-style by architects John Wright and George Sanders. A few years later the Wallaces sold the house to Peter and Caroline O’Reilly and it remained in the O’Reilly family for over 100 years. Some say their ghosts still walk the halls.

In 1966 Point Ellice house was designated a National Historic Site and in 1975 became a Provincial Historic Site. Today Point Ellice House Museum and Gardens are operated by the Vancouver Island Local History Society with some financial support from the Province of British Columbia.
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Another such gem in the capital city is the Emily Carr House on Government Street. The house was the home of the Carr family where famous artist and author Emily grew up. Emily was a contemporary of the Group of Seven and her paintings and books are widely known throughout the world. This house is also a provincial and national historic site and would normally be open to the public at this time of year. It, like many others, has been closed down during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Heritage sites in Victoria such as Point Ellice House, Emily Carr House and also Craigdarroch Castle, are largely dependent upon funding for their general maintenance and operating expenses. Funding for most heritage sites is limited and therefore has to be made up by tourism and events. Visitors to these sites are the key to survival. And this summer there are none.

This situation is not restricted to the capital city alone. Around the province there are similar strains being placed upon heritage sites.

One example is the Barkerville Historic Town and Park in the Cariboo. During the summer, Barkerville usually receives approximately 65,000 visitors between May and September, plus many events and some that happen over the Christmas season. The opening this year has been delayed. Although it will partly open in June and July, much funding has already been lost.

Jan Ross, long-time caretaker of Emily Carr’s house, recently retired but is still very much involved in speaking out for provincial heritage. She dedicated 25 years of her life as caretaker of the Carr home until March of 2020 when she and her husband retired. Although a new caretaker will now be running the house, COVID-19 has again put a halt to any visitor movement.

A similar situation exists at Point Ellice where director Kelly Black was beginning to make some innovative changes to bring in more money when COVID-19 put a stop to all her plans. Although Point Ellice will open in July on a restricted basis, much has already been lost.

And so we are left with the question, how can we protect our heritage and save these sites?

One answer might be to spread the word about WHY these sites are important, not just as charming, historical houses (or castles) but because of the important people who once lived there and made a difference in the province.

For instance, at Point Ellice House, Peter O’Reilly was the Gold Commissioner for British Columbia and his wife, Caroline, was the sister of Joseph Trutch, the first Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia. Their daughter, Kathleen has fascinated historians for years—a beautiful young woman who was courted by many famous men including Robert Scott of the Antarctic and Captain Stanhope, heir to an earldom, but declined all their proposals and remained a single woman until she died at Point Ellice in 1945. Many famous people visited Point Ellice House including Sir John MacDonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada.

Carr House, birthplace of Emily Carr, is a gem containing a valuable collection of memorabilia of this famous artist’s life and speaks to the visitor of a bygone era in the city.

Craigdarroch Castle was built by coal baron, James Dunsmuir, a notable industrialist. He built it for his family but died before he could live there himself. The Castle normally holds many events such as weddings throughout the year.

In the interior, places like Barkerville Historic Town are a reminder of the province's gold rush days as well as providing employment for so many people today who have kept the town going. It was named for miner Billy Barker who struck gold there but lost it all before he died.

​These are just a few stories of the sites that need saving today. Once COVID-19 has gone and it is safe to travel again, please make sure you support Heritage Sites around the province, across Canada and around the world. They all will need our help.
 

Tomorrow, June 2nd, will mark sixty-seven years since a young Princess was crowned Queen in London, England, in 1953. Elizabeth II was following in the path of her illustrious ancestors.

Exactly 462 years earlier in 1491, one of her ancestors, King Henry VIII, known primarily for the number of wives he had, was born that month.

June is usually associated with weddings and brides and Henry VIII certainly had his share of both but, during the past two hundred years, a number of notable people have also been born or died on June 2nd.  Here are just a few:
 





Births:

1. In 1840 Thomas Hardy, English poet and author, was born on this date, as was gossip columnist Hedda Hopper in 1890. 
2. And in the year 1901 on June 2, producer Mike Todd, known best as one of Elizabeth Taylor’s many husbands, was born.
3. Three years later on this date in 1904, Johnny Weissmuller, the actor whose portrayal of Tarzan made him famous, was also born.
4. June 2 1936, marked the birth of actress Sally Kellerman, and two actors shared this birth date - Stacy Keach (1941) and Jerry Mathers - Leave it To Beaver (1948). 

Deaths:

1. In 1925 New York Yankee Lou Gehrig began a 2,130 consecutive winning-game streak. Oddly enough he died on the same date—June 2— in 1941 age 37, of a rare disease which thereafter was named for him.
2. Two famous actors also died on June 2; Leslie Howard in 1943, whose aeroplane was shot down during World War II, and Rex Harrison, at age 82 in 1990, of cancer.

 Events:
 
A number of interesting events have also happened through the years on June 2, including the beginning of the P.T. Barnum Circus tour through the United States in 1835. 
 
In 1886 President Grover Cleveland was the first president to marry during his presidency when he wed Frances Folsom on June 2 that year.
 
In 1924, U.S. Citizenship was granted to all First Nations people on June 2, and forty years later in 1964 the Rolling Stones made their first United States tour starting in Lynn, Massachusetts.
 
A member of the Rolling Stones, Bill Wyman, was married on this date to Mandy Smith in 1989.  On that same day, in Tiananmen Square, Beijing, a hunger strike began by students demonstrating for democracy. When over 100,000 citizens tried to protect the students from the Chinese soldiers marching on the Square, a massacre resulted two days later on June 4th.
 
In the Bahamas when June 2 falls on a Friday it is called labor day, and is celebrated in New Zealand as the Queen’s birthday when it falls on a Monday.  In Western Australia it is known as Foundation Day, also celebrated when it occurs on a Monday.
 
In England, the Trooping of the Color is held that day to celebrate the Queen’s official birthday—although her actual birth date is in April. This year the Trooping of the Color has been cancelled for the first time in history because of COVID 19.
 
In religious history, James A. Healy was consecrated bishop over the Diocese of Maine, on June 2 1875, which made him the first African-American bishop in the history of the American Catholic Church.     
 
So, on June 2 1953, when a future Queen was crowned in England, it was also a date when many other important events, births and deaths have occurred throughout time around the world.

And this year there won't be as many June brides as usual able to celebrate large nuptials.
                                                                                                                            
Like me, do you find it interesting to ponder on dates in history? Just something else I've been doing during lock down!

Leave a comment below as to what you've been doing to pass the time while social distancing.
                                                                 

Lately I have been pondering on the passing of time and in particular on certain dates throughout history—like May 24th for instance—a Queen’s birthday anniversary celebrated every year on the Monday preceding May 24th.  This year in my hometown of Victoria, British Columbia,  the holiday will fall on Monday, May 18th.
 
It is usually a weekend of celebrations ranging from a parade in town and boat races and festivals along the Gorge waterway. Sadly this year it will all look a little different because of Covid-19.  And for the first time there will be no parade.
 
According to historical weather records, May 24th 1819 in England when Victoria was born, was a cloudy day with an east wind blowing.  It was also the fourth wettest day of the month.  But, in Kensington Palace in London, a future Queen of England came into the world and would later give her name to our city in British Columbia, Canada.  During her long reign, however, she never visited the city named for her.
 
The Queen’s May birthday has been celebrated since the establishment of Fort Victoria in 1843.  One of the first major celebrations was in 1853 with horse racing taking place in Beacon Hill Park, a pleasant distraction for the early settlers which continued for many years. More sporting events were added as time went by including cricket.

Many of those early “Queen celebrations” centered around the Gorge waterway though, which soon became known for its boating regattas and picnics for the elite who lived along the Gorge.  The citizens of Victoria were said to have enjoyed “lively times up the Gorge Arm” for many a year.  Some of the more prominent Victoria families such as the Grants, the O'Reillys, the Drakes, the Dunsmuirs and the Fawcetts had built elegant homes along the banks of the waterway.

The O'Reilly house Point Ellice House, still stands today. It is a relatively unknown gem in the city, and is open to the public. In my forthcoming novel Providence, I have placed the home of my own fictional family, the McBrides, along the Gorge waterway.
 
Sadly one of the May 24th celebrations ended in tragedy. In 1896 a happy crowd of holiday-makers crossing the Point Ellice bridge on Streetcar Number 16, plunged to their deaths when the bridge collapsed. The people who perished on that day left an incredible void in the lives of many of Victoria’s families.  A similar tragedy today would be comparable to the city losing over a thousand of her citizens at one time.
 
The annual May 24th holiday was originally known as Empire Day but around the time of Queen Victoria’s death in 1901, Empire Day was merged with the Queen’s birthday and, in 1904, was officially set aside as a special day.  By legislation in 1952, Victoria Day, was celebrated every year on the first Monday preceding May 24th. Parades, fireworks, festivals, marching bands all followed by the Swiftsure boat races have added to the fun through the years - until 2020 when we will simply have to celebrate in different ways.
 
Throughout her long reign, Queen Victoria also gave her name to many other places around the world and within the then British Empire such as a state in Australia, the British Cameroons in Africa, a town in Texas, and our own city in British Columbia. In addition, an Island in the Arctic, and Falls in Southern Rhodesia, Argentina, and Brazil are named for the Queen.
 
It bears remembering that Queen Victoria’s reign, described in the newspapers of the day as “the longest and greatest reign in the history of the British Empire,” had seen the rise of an industrial revolution, progress of railroads, the introduction of the automobile, and the development of a democratic system of rule. 
 
She was a Queen who depicted goodness, duty, conscience and solid virtue, and had resurrected a belief in a strong work ethic and a morality, at least on the surface, second to none.
 
Today, we may well have long-since forgotten whose birthday we were originally celebrating on the May 24th weekend or what this particular holiday once stood for. To many people, it is now simply the first holiday week-end of the year and a pleasant way to head into summer where, this year, we hope to gradually celebrate socializing  with family and friends once again.
                                                                                                                            
How will you spend this long weekend? Hopefully you will stay inside or go out safely by staying six feet apart from others.

​In this very strange world of self isolation, social distancing and not being able to travel,  I doubt any of us are giving much thought to a man who was so passionate about automobiles and travel in the early years of the 20th century that he decided to make a big difference in the world.
 
His name was Albert (Bert) Edward Todd and he instigated both the building of the Trans Canada Highway and the Pacific Highway from Seattle south.  His story is quite a remarkable one.
 
He was born in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada, in 1878 into a family of high achievers. His father, Jacob Hunter Todd, was a politician and salmon-canning magnate; his older brother Jack a world-renowned bacteriologist; his step-brother, Charlie, a powerful industrialist; and his two sisters were women far ahead of their time.
 
Bert, however, went in a different direction. He began to study automobile development around the world, observing European experiments made by Karl Benz as well as the works of Haynes, Ford, and Buick in America. 
 
After travelling through Europe as a young man, trying to decide what he wanted to do with his life, he returned to Victoria and in May of 1903 purchased a two-seater model car for $1,800 from Bagster Roads Seabrook, (a car dealer, inventor, and author of Mathematical Tables for Businesses and Trades.) The car was manufactured by the White Sewing Machine Company.

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As Bert drove his new car from Victoria out to Shawnigan Lake (a short distance away), he had an incredible vision of the future. He logged and timed his “adventure” that day – two hours and 53 minutes on the outward journey and a mere one hour and 34 minutes on the return trip. Obviously some motoring skills had been gained along the way.
 
The trip was made without insurance, driver’s licence, registration, licence plates, windshield or fenders (none of which was mandatory at the time.) The following year the government introduced an annual licencing fee of $2 and Bert then became the owner of Licence Number 13 in British Columbia.
 
But on that day in 1903, history had been made. Bert Todd became obsessed with promoting tourism and better road conditions throughout the entire Pacific Northwest.
 
In 1910, Bert married Ada Seabrook (the daughter of the car dealer) and for their honeymoon he purchased a 30-horse power General Motors Cadillac to carry him and his bride on a five thousand mile journey south to Mexico and north again along the Pacific coast back to Vancouver Island, a path-finding journey which became the forerunner of all Pacific Highway travel as we know it today. The Todds’ honeymoon trip is in fact a matter of official record in the Royal BC Archives in Victoria and in 1912 was the inspiration behind the building of the Pacific Highway.
 
Bert’s notes and observations on that trip also helped establish Victoria as a center for tourism in later years.  He designed the original map and worked out the exact route the Highway should take.  Many of his comments make fascinating reading today:
 
“....Leaving Los Angeles in the car....we followed the rough and muddy coast road to San Diego; there had been several wash-outs a few days before....”

“...from San Francisco we came north to Oregon by way of Stockton and the Sacramento Valley.  While the roads in Southern California were often bad, these in the north of the state proved worse, especially when we tackled the stretch between Redding and Dunsmuir.  Our troubles in this direction increased the further north we came and a very heavy strain was put on the car climbing the grades over the Siskiyou mountains in the southern part of Oregon.  This road is a toll road and we were assessed $1.50 for the privilege of bumping over its ruts and plunging into its mud-holes.”
 
​America had already realized that the age of the automobile had arrived, and Todd intended that British Columbia should feel the same way.  After all, he once commented, “I saw no place on the whole trip that compared with Victoria as an automobiling center.”
 
Todd later became Vice-President of the International Pacific Highway Association and was the originator of the International Pacific Northwest Tourist Association.  He was also Vice-President of the Trans Canadian Highway Association and easily earned the title “Father of Tourism in British Columbia” and “Good Roads Todd.”
 
In 1914 Burt turned his attention to the construction of the Snoqualmie Highway, and in 1915 began to organize a motor route known as “the Georgian Circuit” to embrace the cities of Seattle, Vancouver, Nanaimo, Victoria, Port Angeles, Port Townsend, Olympia, Tacoma and back to Seattle, a distance of  500 miles.  This Circuit was officially opened in Port Angeles in August of 1915, witnessed by over a thousand people.
 
Todd’s relentless work in road improvement as well as in civic affairs as a Victoria alderman, mayor, and police commissioner, inevitably took a toll on his health.  After a lengthy illness, he died in October 1928 in Seattle at the age of 50. 
 
Towards the end of his life, Judge James T. Ronald of the Superior Court of the State of Washington sent Todd a letter in which he praised his dedication, specifically referring to his involvement in the construction of the Pacific Highway by saying;
 
“.......When one thinks of the great benefit that highway now is to the Pacific Coast, and the great influence its organization had upon highway improvements generally, one familiar with the conditions, must realize what A.E. Todd, a Canadian, has meant to the Pacific Coast of the United States of America.....”
 
Until his death, Todd continued to believe in the future of the automobile. He saw it as something more than just a frivolous toy for the rich and privileged.  He wanted it to become a large part of everyone’s life and he strove to make the automobile easily accessible to the masses so that eventually it would shape the economy, geography, and social aspects of our society.
 
Today his name can rightfully stand alongside all those who promoted the automobile and early highway construction throughout the Pacific Northwest.
 
Give a thought to this incredible man of vision when next we are free again to travel those important highways. Let's hope it is soon!

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The word PANDEMIC sends shivers down everyone's spine so I've started today's blog with an adorable picture of little girls in pink carrying on with their ballet lessons during frightening times such as the SARS epidemic in the early 2000's.

There have certainly been many plagues, epidemics and pandemics around the world during the past 2,000 years. Here are just a few I discovered and researched:

• 165 AD - The Antonine Plague which killed five million people in Asia Minor, Egypt, Greece and Italy.
• 541-542 - Plague of Justinian which killed 25 million, half the population of Europe.
• 1346-1353 - The Black Death (or Bubonic Plague) which ravaged Europe, Africa and Asia.
• 1665-1666 - The Great Plague of London which killed an estimated 100,000 people – a quarter of London’s population.
• 1852-1860 - Third Cholera Pandemic which originated in India and killed one million people.
• 1889-1890 – Flu pandemic which killed one million people (originally called “Asiatic Flu” or “Russian Flu.”) First cases were observed in Central Asia and Athabasca in Northwestern Canada and in Greenland. Later flu epidemics coined phrases such as “swine” flu or “bird” flu.
• 1910-1911 – Sixth Cholera pandemic killed 800,000+ spreading throughout the Middle East, North Africa, Eastern Europe and Russia.
• 1918-1920 – Flu pandemic which spread around the entire world and killed 20-50 million people.
• 1956-1958 – Asian flu which originated in China and traveled to Singapore, Hong Kong and the United States.
• 1966-1972 - HIV/AIDS which originated in Africa and is prevalent among young adults (15-49). Infection rates still as high as 25% in southern and eastern Africa.
• 2000-2003 SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) which originated in Southern China and spread to over 8,000 people killing 800.
• 2019 - ?  - Coronavirus (COVID-19)  First identified in Wuhan, Hubei, China in December 2019. By April 2020, it is said to have spread to more than 190 countries with major outbreaks in the United States, Central China, Italy, Spain, South Korea and Iran. On March 11 2020, the World Health Organization characterized the spread of COVID-19 as a pandemic.

These are indeed frightening statistics! But remember, if you are here today all
your ancestors survived those epidemics and pandemics.

My own home town of Victoria, British Columbia, suffered a major epidemic of smallpox in the year 1862 in which First Nations people perished in large numbers with 60 to 70% death rates.

It happened this way. In the spring of 1862 smallpox was already prevalent in San Francisco and because there was a great deal of shipping activity between Victoria and San Francisco, it was only a matter of time before it spread north. On March 18 the Daily British Colonist reported the first case in Victoria and by the 26th there were two new cases, one having arrived aboard the Oregon and the other on the Brother Jonathan, both from San Francisco.

Smallpox was—and still is despite modern medical science and no active cases for over twenty years—a dreaded and horrible disease. The 1862 epidemic was an especially virulent form of the disease and there was widespread panic among the white population.

First Nations people who suffered the most were already living in various encampments (reserves) in the vicinity of the Fort—on the Songhees Reserve, on a James Bay beach and at Ogden Point near the entrance to the harbor.

Governor James Douglas had three available options to him in order to help the citizens of Victoria. 
1. Vaccination or Inoculation. 2. Isolation or 3. Expulsion.
For the First Nations people he chose isolation and eventually expulsion to northern parts of the province—which solved nothing and simply spread the disease. He also quarantined ships.
SO, even in 1862, it would appear that the best way to stop the disease was a form of social distancing—but staying in place!


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The protagonist in my forthcoming novel Providence, arrives in Victoria in September of 1862 and a month later has an unpleasant encounter with some First Nations smallpox sufferers on the Songhees reserve. There were still few safety precautions in place to counteract the virulent disease. 

All these statistics are definitely alarming and always provoke fear and panic. However, we must remember that this latest pandemic is nothing new and will be eradicated—if we follow the protocol.

And, hard as it may seem to believe right now, there are also a few good things coming out of this current pandemic. In social isolation we are discovering new skills and re-discovering old ones. We are communicating in new ways. People are showing love and care to seniors, their neighbors and their work colleagues. We have numerous heroes—doctors, nurses, paramedics, firefighters, health care workers in hospitals and nursing homes, workers in grocery stores and pharmacies—and the list goes on.  The depth of the human spirit around the world is becoming prevalent once again.

​And while we are “flattening the curve” by driving our cars and flying in 'planes less as well as not congregating anywhere in large numbers, we may also be solving another world crisis—global warming. Who knows?

What do you think?

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Do you enjoy inspirational quotes as much as I do?

Do you love the words of people such as Maya Angelou, Mark Twain, Mahatma Ghandi, Mother Teresa or Winston Churchill? Their inspirational words have often had the power to help me stay strong in times of stress and trouble.

But what about the words of the ordinary people in our own lives? I still remember many words spoken by people during my life which left a lasting impression on me for many years. I still recall many of them today.





​For instance, many moons ago when I was a five year-old kindergarten child, I recall being very upset because I was the smallest in the class. All the others were much taller. One day my teacher (whose name incidentally was Miss Trott - yes, really!) took me aside and told me not to be sad. She explained that "all the best things in life come wrapped up in small packages." Those words helped  me so much until I grew taller. 

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These next words which I heard from our headmistress in high school made an indelible impression on me. She was a terrifying woman at the best of times but whenever she taught as Religious Instruction she would begin with the words; "Never, under any circumstances, abbreviate the word "Christmas" to "Xmas."  "x", she said "is the unknown quantity and Christ is certainly not unknown."  Even to this day I have never written the word "Xmas" for fear of that frightening woman coming up behind me on the attack!

I was blessed to have two parents who always encouraged me to be the best I could be. My mother was a cock-eyed optimist whose favorite expressions were "always think positively"; "the best is yet to come"  and, whenever I was feeling down, "remember this too will pass."

My dad was also my inspirational hero. He encouraged me whenever I faced rejection  by telling me "it's all for the best, so pull yourself up by your boot strings and start all over. You will get there eventually. When one door  shuts, another always opens."  He was usually right.

When I studied writing at college, teachers often advised me to "only write about what I knew best." Another important message to a future history writer such as me was "research, research and yet more research."

In  fact, one of my hometown's well-known archival historians once gave me some really good advice. "If you are writing about people in the 1800s, forget everything you know about today's world and cast yourself back into theirs. Only then will you get it right."   All words to live by indeed. 

​Do you have words that have made a lasting impression on you? I'd love to hear yours in the comments below.

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​February 14 is the day when thousands of people around the world will receive sentimental or humorous greetings cards from sweethearts, friends, or family members. I thought it might be fun to take a step back in time and examine the history of this unique giving-of-cards tradition.

​But first the story of St. Valentine himself -
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It is believed there was a man named Valentine, a Roman martyr, who refused to give up his belief in Christianity. He was, therefore, imprisoned and put to death on February 14 269 AD.  He left behind a farewell note to his jailer’s daughter who had befriended him and brought him food while in jail and signed his note “From Your Valentine.” This might well have been the very first Valentine Day card.
 
The giving of a Valentine also comes from the Middle Ages when lovers sang or recited their valentine verses to a beloved, and the oldest Valentine message still in existence was made in the 1400's. Today it is on display at the British Museum.
 




Early Valentines in Europe were made of colored paper and were very popular in England where wooing one’s beloved with a valentine message was especially favored.  Cards then were mostly hand-made and came in various types and designs.
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There were, for instance, Acrostic Valentines where the first lines spelled out the loved one’s name. There were also Cutout Valentines which were made by folding the paper many times and then cutting out a lace-like design with small, pointed scissors.
 
An unusual design originating in the Orient was called the Theorem or Poonah Valentine. These were painted through a stencil cut out in oil paper.  And a Rebus Valentine had verses inside where small pictures took the place of some of the words.  Pinprick Valentines were made, as the name implies, by pricking small holes in paper with a pin or needle, creating the impression of lace.
 
Fraktur Valentines were popular in the Middle Ages because they were composed of ornamental lettering which was in the same style as the illuminated manuscripts of those times.  And one's beloved always enjoyed receiving a Puzzle Purse Valentine, a folded puzzle which could be read and then refolded.  Each fold contained a verse and the verses had to be read in a certain order.

 
By the early 1800s, Valentines were being made in factories, and much of the charm of the hand-made Valentine had disappeared.  The earliest manufactured Valentines were made on black paper with white pictures painted on them by the factory workers.  The more fancy Valentine cards were made with real lace and ribbons with paper lace being introduced about the mid-1800s.  By the end of the 19th century, Valentines were being produced entirely by machinery.
 
Soon after the beginning of the 20th century a card company named Norcross began to manufacture the Valentine card.  Then Hallmark got in on the act. The rest, as they say, is history. 
 
Crown Center in Kansas City is today the international headquarters of Hallmark Cards Inc, the vision of Joyce C. and Donald J. Hall.  The building of Crown Center reversed years of decay in that area which was just blocks away from Kansas City’s commercial district.  The Halls managed to halt the decay and revitalize the inner city. 
 
Since 1968, about half of the original 85 acres have been developed and today the Crown Center complex houses hotels, meeting rooms, restaurants, theaters, and of course the headquarters of Hallmark Cards Inc.  The creation of an international institution based on caring gives rise to the Hallmark philosophy of “when you care enough.....”
 
Each year, Hallmark displays collections of rare and antique Valentine cards at their card shops across North America, and many museums and libraries also offer antique valentine exhibitions around St. Valentine’s Day.
                                                       
Love makes the world go round, and as long as that is true, the Valentine Card will forever flourish.
 
Do you still send Valentine cards?  Let me know in a comment below.